Outline #2

why have public universities faced crisis around the world?

FIRST PARAGRAPH: 
Hook/Introduction: The problem that Colombian universities are facing now is just one of  the many situations that universities world-wide faced, are facing and will face.
Thesis: The notion of damaging Universities can no longer be an alternative when they constitute a big support for the improvement of different societies, cultures and contexts.

SECOND PARAGRAPH
Topic Sentence: World-wide the neoliberalism has provided thoughts and practices that in one way or another affect the development of hugher education.

THIRD PARAGRAPH: 
Topic sentence: In the one hand, one of the main issues to higlight is the non-funding that universities have from the governent.

FOURTH PARAGRAPH:
Topic Sentence: On the other hand, the crisis can also be related to the corruption that takes place at some institutions of higher education.

FIFTH PARAGRAPH:
Topic Sentence: Besides, there are many world-wide organizations which are responsible of giving paramaters to the countries which are part of these groups to create the policies. Education within those. 

CONCLUSION OR NEW PARAGRAPH.

First Draft

Is Colombian universities' strike going to have any effect on the budget for education in the following years?

Higher Education in Colombia is about to get closed or privatized. Some universities are facing an economic crisis because of the lack of money to finish the current year. Such issue started when the government decided to create programs which funneled the private institutions rather than the public ones. Furthermore, the state has a debt of 18.5 billion with the public universities, according to some data provided by the National Union of Students in Higher Education (UNEES). For that reason, Colombian students from public and private universities are on strike. Thus, the students are asking the president to increase the budget for finishing the current year and the budget for the years to come. I think that such strike might be useful for solving the economic crisis that higher education in Colombia faces.

Students' movement has been paramount for defending education and so the strikes. This is not the first strike that university students get on to defend public universities and higher education in Colombia. There was a big one on 2011 proposed by the MANE (Mesa Ampliada Nacional de Estudiantes). In that time, the government tried to implement a new reform to the law 30. That reform, in one way or another, tried to privatize universities by asking the institutions to receive money and interventions from private companies. Of course, it was not something good for the students or the stuff in general. So, the only alternative, like today’s situation, was to start a riot against the government and its policies. Even if was good there was something that the MANE couldn’t do that the UNEES wants to do now. The UNEES is trying not to let things the half way to empower the process of students in the universities in a pedagogical and critical way.    

Nevertheless, the budget for education in 2019 is going to be the highest budget that Colombia has ever had throughout time. Besides, after a demonstration that the students of all the universities around the country ended last Wednesday, the president said that he was going to add 500,000 million to the budget of education next year. But, as it is stated in “Colombian Public Universities Will Go On Strike”: “The current government does not give the adequate resources for public universities to continue fulfilling the social function.”(Telesur, 2018). Hence, the students keep on saying that the amount is not even necessary for allowing the universities to finish the current year and that it does solve the economic problem. The universities are asking for money that could go to infrastructure not to the general budget of education as it also has to do with primary and mid-education.    

Yet, irtsident has not arranged a meeting with the different platforms of students’ movement in the country. Regardless that amount that the president says is going to be provided to education, the students are asking for 4.2 billion for the current year and the payment and the 

Regarding that issue of increasing the budget for ending the current year at the universities, the students' movement demands the president to give 4.5 billion to the current year, whatsoever. Stilll, it is not Colombian govermnet's wish to give that am

Outline of the Final Essay.

                                                 Higher Education in Colombia: A crisis to
Question: On October 11th, the Colombian students' movement from public and private universities, started to go on strike. The decission was made after a meeting attended by around 3,000 students from different universties of the country at UniAmazonia in the city of Forencia.
is Colombian universities' strike going to have any effect on the budget for education in the following years?

FIRST PARAGRAPH
- Introduction: Hook sentence: Education is not a right in Colombia, it is just another service that one needs to pay for.
BACKGROUND
- Colombian students are on strike due to the crisis that public universities face regarding.
- Everyone should be allowed to go to a university. In that sense, Colombian
THESIS: Such strike might get an increase on the budget not only for univeristies but also other institutions of higher edutcation.

 SECOND PARAGRAPH - SUPPORTING PARAGRAPH
- TOPIC SENTENCE: Students' movement has been paramount for defending education and so the strikes.
- Supporting sentence: This is not the first strike that university students get on to defend public universities and higher education in Colombia.
- There was a big one on 2011 eleven proposed by the MANE (Mesa Ampliada Nacional de Estudiantes). In that time, the government tried to implement a new reform to the law
30 which, in one way or another, tried to privitise universities.
- Supporting sentence:

-THIRD PARAGRAPH:
- TOPIC SENTENCE: However, the budget for education in 2019 is going to be the highest budget that Colombia has ever had throughout time.
- Supporintg sentence: Besides, a fter a demonstration that the students of all the universities around ht ecountry eneded, the president said that the budget for the next year was going to be 500,000 millions higher.
- argument: However, the students and the universities claim that such amount is not even close to help the financial need that the institutions have to finish the curretn year.
- Supproting: T
- 4th Paragraph:
TOPIC SENTENCE: Regardless that amount that the president says is going to be provided to education, the students ask for 4.2 billion for the current year and the
Regarding that issue of increasing the bidget for ending the current year at the universities, the students' movement demands the president to give 4.5 billion to the current year.
Supporting: The UNEES created its own document with requests to the governmet.

FIFTH PARAGRAPH
CONCLUSION

How to Empower Colombian Students to Critically Spot Fake News

Throughout the last years, there has been an exponential progress regarding communication, the way it is being portrayed and how it gets to be done. Furtheremore, communication has empowered people to become aware of the different assusmptions, events and occurences that happen world-wide. However, one has got to emphasy on the misinformation that fake news convey on people that are not used to reading or going beyond the message. Besides, this is not something that only happens on adults. It has become a trendy on teenagers and children as the social networks allow them to read and encounter many fake news. Regarding that problematic situation, the educational system has got to provide schools and teachers with the necessary tools for endorsing critical thinking towards any issue.
Although, it is not an easy task to carry out as there has been a big gap on teaching critically even to teachers. In that sense, education  cannot be aimed to teach only children or teenagers, it has got to be taught to teachers, principals and staff of schools and institutions. That is to be critical, and doding that is that people will overcome the misinformation that fake news convey. To spot critical thinking towards that issue, the current system needs an improvement regarding the way reading is being taught. Reading is not only to get a brief insight of the what the message is about, it is to convey a whole understanding of whatever is being discussed. Thus, students need to know and face the fake news to avoid the misunderstandigs they evoke.
On the other hand, to think critically encourages people to look up and verify whether the information is fake or not. In that regard, what shouldn't be encouraged is to share fake news but help people distinguish when the information comes from fake news and when it is reliable.




































https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/07/business/media/medias-next-challenge-overcoming-the-threat-of-fake-news.html
https://www.theguardian.com/teacher-network/2017/oct/17/fake-news-improved-critical-literacy-skills-teaching-young-people
https://www.brookings.edu/research/how-to-combat-fake-news-and-disinformation/

Sixth Task: Commentary about "What is the Outrage? Critical Pedagogy in Dark Times"

To begin with, it is important to make reference on the  meaning that the author provides upon Crticial Pedagogy. He first pointed out that it is a political and moral-thing that affects the way teachers see the world and the teaching-learning process they carry out. Thus, what is intended with Critical Pedagogy is not to rely on the conservative notion that has been taking place in education throughout time, but to shape the world where we live. Besides, he emphises the way that education is understood within the political and pedagogical process of learning. Why political? Henry states that this process is political because fo the way its project endorses the relationship among knowledge, authority and power.
On the other hand, there is something paramount to discuss. The way edutacion is being shaped by the globalized and capitalized world where everything goes around generating money and employees. Hence, the consevartive notion given to education just focuses on producing and passing on information to create bare knowledge that does not allow people to think differently and critically. Regarding this fact, Critical Pedagogy stand for the purpose of creating and re-shaping the ways the teaching process takes place. CP allows not only teachers but also students to think, create and shape the processes that do not rely under the bbeliefs from conservative assumptions or notions. Furtheremore, CP encourages the different activities that teachers develop to create the notion of thinking critically about the things that are within such structural and pedagogical world.
Breaking the chains is to look at different horizons from different perspectives. CP allows that.   

Third Task: Summary of Stepehn Brookfield's Lecture

This video started with the autobiography of the lecturer. Later on, he said that giving that background was necessary for supporting what he stated about critical and creative thinking regarding education. The professor Stephen Brookfield started by pointing out that leaving students to choose their topics and ways to do their academic things is better than telling them to do so in a unique way. Besides, it is something he said based on his own experience when he was rejected to gento into college because of an exam he (to what I recall) failed. Thus, he asked to been given another opportuinity for getting into college and consequently, he understood the importance of giving opportunities to students so that they could take actions on different fields or problems.

The lecturer also expressed how he teaight assumptions and gave some exmaple regarding the different types of assumptions to get to informed actions.  From that explanation, he said that thinking critically is to focus on understanding and checking assumptions; and that thinking creatively is to look at things from multiple points of view. These, I think, are important definitions to understand what the slightly difference between these two pivotal issues for education and pedogogy.

In a general point of view and being critical, the lecture could have been a little bit more interesting if the people who attended had felt encouraged to participate. 

Fifth Task: Sterotype.

Stereotyping has got to be one of the most common ways to describe something or someone just by knowing where they or those come from. Even though, they are not true. Or well, not every time. For example, in the videos watched, most of the assumptions or stereotypes given, were said to be true. However, some of these sterotypes remain as myths. In spite of the fact that stereotyping seems to be true, it is smoething that cannot be allowed to express notions or insgiths one may have about a speciffic group of people. It is way to better to ask instead of wondering and not giving the right judgment.

In a particular case, there are some stereotypes that people have around the world about Colombian people. There is the belief that Colombian people do drugs, dance really good or they are all "narcos". These assumptions are misjugments and lead to hate and no peaceful treatments. Furthermore, having these kind of notions deprive people of having the chance to really get to know people from not only this country, but also from every country around the world. 

Be peaceful. Stereotypes portray the idea of ignorance and hate within. 

Fourth Task

"MLK is not universally revered.
I doubt that many Trump voters, if able to speak openly, would agree with the 'national treasure' bit!
Of course, that proves that they're racists."

This, to my knowledge, is a position or point of view. The article, tlaked about MLK's activism and some other stuff regarding people who also worked under the premise of left-wing's beliefs. The person pointed out a personal point of view that  came out because of the people criticising MLK's work.